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Pub­lic and pri­vate ex­pen­di­ture on re­search and de­vel­op­ment

This indicator describes the share of public and private spending on research and development as a percentage of economic output (GDP).

It is an established and internationally comparable way of measuring an economy's ability to innovate.

The data source is the Federal Statistical Office, the Federal Ministry for Education and Research, and statistics provided by the Stifterverband.

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Research and development spending as a percentage of GDP
The chart shows research and development spending as a percentage of GDP in the period 1995 to 2017. In this period, spending on research and development (R&D) as a percentage of GDP increased from 2.2 percent to over 3.0 percent. Throughout the entire period, Germany's R&D spending as a percentage of GDP remained above the OECD average which stood at 2.4 percent in 2017.19952002201020173.03% Germany2.37% OECD024%

Source: German Federal Statistical Office, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, Stifterverband-Wissenschaftsstatistik. OECD (2019), Gross domestic spending on R&D. doi: 10.1787/d8b068b4-en (Accessed October 2019)Updated data

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